S4.2.8 For the adult
Mutation and genetic engineering
Bacteria can make human insulin. How can a tiny bacterium make a human protein?
What this chapter teaches
A mutation is a change in the order of bases in DNA. Most have no effect, some change a protein and its job, and a few help. Genetic engineering moves a gene from one living thing to another, as with insulin made by bacteria or modified crops. Each has benefits and risks that need weighing.
Three questions to ask
There is no one right wording. Listen for the idea.
- Why do most mutations have no effect on the body?
- How can bacteria make a human protein?
- What is one benefit and one risk of a modified crop, and how would you weigh them?
After the chapter, the learner can
- Explain how a mutation can change a gene and its protein
- Weigh up the benefits and risks of genetically modified crops
What they copy into their notebook
A mutation changes the order of bases. Most do nothing, some change a protein, a few help. Genetic engineering moves a gene between species: cut, insert, grow. Weigh benefits against risks.